Ceaseless Search for the Aryans!

 I came across the article published in The Hindu “How genetics is settling the Aryan migration debate” by Tony Joseph.

The wonder is they have still embraced the outdated term like Aryans. The well-known fact is the invention of farming cannot be attributed to a single source. We have the oldest archaeological proof from Zagros mountains dating back to 10000 years BC. In fact, no civilisation ever develops in isolation. There are always exchanges between the civilisations along with the independent innovations and inventions and language that forms a majority part of any culture. Exchanges of religious ideas and mythologies too have been detected in ancient past. The spread of any culture does not require the demographic migration as is being suggested by the scholars. Every culture adopts ideas of the alien cultures in their own manner. We can notice easily the similarities and variations in every adopted expression which largely depends on the general psychology of the people in question. 

 When we speak of the ancient past, genetics as a modern tool being used to understand our ancestry, many times give conflicting results for the samples we have are very scarce and that too contaminated by the onslaught of nature. Not more than 101 skeletons have been genetically examined so far and yet the geneticist's can make any conflicting claim to explain riddles of the ancient history.

 For example, their report published in The Hindu boldly affirms that sometime around 2000 BC -1500 BC Indo-European language speakers did stream in India with their distinct culture and Sanskrit language! A major unanswered question is, how genetics told these experts which language they spoke and what material culture they really lived from their genes?  The report is fake on many counts when it claims the migration was negated by the research so far, as two major recent reports have dealt with the very issue of the PIE migration through genetics and had conveniently confirmed the migrations of the PIE speakers’, contrary to the claim made by The Hindu.

 A large team led by Morten E Alentoft examined about 101 sampled ancient individuals from Europe and Central Asia. They also used the archeological evidence of chariot burials (2000-1800 BC) to find the migration pattern. The report relies on the hypothesis of the linguists that ‘the spread of Indo-European languages must have required migration combined with social or demographic dominance and this expansion has been supported by archeologists pointing to striking similarities in the archeological record across western Eurasia during the third millennium BC. The genomic evidence for the spread of the Yamnaya people from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe to both northern Europe and Central Asia during the early Bronze Age corresponds well with the hypothesized expansion of the IE languages.'  (You may read this report on https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7555/full/nature14507.html)

The report appeared in “Science” (Feb. 15) is based on the research of a large team of geneticists led by David Reich and Iosif Lazaridis of Harward Medical School. The DNA samples suggest that the Yamnaya people (DNA obtained from 4 skeletons) could have moved from Steppes 4500 years ago. This paper claims to have connected two far-flunged material cultures to specific genetic signatures. The report states that the team says they spoke a form of Indo-European language. Earlier it was considered that the origins of PIE were 6000 years ago. To meet this gap, hypothetically, it is being proposed that this may be the secondary migration!

 It is also agreed by the genetic scientists that they cannot tell the language of people from their DNA's. I have read the original report in which it is admitted that they cannot tell for sure the ancestry of the original PIE speakers of Bronze Age because this was not the independent culture but was an admixture of East European or Caucasus hunter-gatherers and near eastern people. So, genetically too, Yamna people were blending of three distinct ancestries. Hence, if at all PIE existed, its origin cannot be attributed to the archaic skeletons from which the DNA’s were extracted to make a big claim.

 

Migrations is a historical fact around the globe for many reasons, but it is a bold claim that the movement of the certain group of the people belonging to some hypothetical culture destroyed or impacted heavily the languages and cultures of the old inhabitants of the regions unless they could outnumber them. Also attributing the invention and spread of agriculture to the migrations of about 4500 years ago is a farfetched lie because the invention of the agriculture dates back to not less than 10000 BC, and not 4500 years ago. Also one cannot credit ceratin group of the people for any invention that changed the lifestyle of the mankind.

 It is a fact that the Vedic religion and its original adherents entered India sometime around 1000 BC but their number was not as high as to outnumber the local inhabitants. The scriptural proofs indicate that the cultural and linguistic traits of India influenced the Vedic religion and language of the migrant's and was not otherwise as believed by some scholars. Indo-European language theory is renaming of old Aryan race theory and European supremacist approach still works hard by their ceaseless misrepresentation of the Genomic analysis to make out over and again their theory!

 Comparison of the modern and ancient DNA cannot tell the story of the mankind because DNA samples are too a few and prone to give conflicting results as they have in recent past. Still, the report of Hindu theoretically considers there were two groups, one that came to India tens of thousand years ago and other came to India 4,000 to 3,500 years ago. This second group is claimed to be Indo-Aryan when there is no proof what were the DNA’s of the Indo-Aryans because genetics do not tell us racial or linguistic traits.

The author of this article published in Hindu, Tony Joseph, however, urges us to treat population genetic models with caution because it works on the assumption which may be wrong or limited to the scope of their study!  The main assumption that those migrated about 4,000 to 3,500 years ago were speakers of the Indo-Europen language is such a baseless and unscientific assumption that the whole conjecture falls apart. 

The issue of the ancient humanities is complex. Origin of the languages cannot be attributed to any special group of the people. Geology might be playing the significant role in the origin of different languages. The spread of the cultures does not necessarily require demographic migrations. Migrations do not impact local cultures to the extent of erasing their language and cultures. The issue is actually overrated by the people who are in the unending search of the hypothetical Superhuman race! 

(The original article published in "The Hindu" http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/how-genetics-is-settling-the-aryan-migration-debate/article19090301.ece

Do we really want to end terrorism?

How terrorists get arsenal to cause havoc across the globe and how to stop these supplies first should be the focused line of action if at all the nations are serious to wipe out the terrorism.  The war against terrorism is mere an illusion unless such supplies are stopped. The terrorists and the nations sending the army or air attacks on the terrorist camps would only mean benefits to the weapon manufacturers, dealers, smugglers and the funding agencies.

Terrorism has become a global problem, a severe threat to the humanity. Today Islam is blamed for all the incidents of the terrorism, Taliban is now replaced by ISIS…tomorrow some other organization will replace it. But the chain of the terrorist activities won’t come to an ultimate halt.

Paris attack made global headlines causing agony and fury across the globe. Terrors of ISIS continues unabated. But Boko Haram remains mostly un-discussed as they are causing havoc in so-called “less civilized” countries. This shows how our standards of humanity are degraded.  Actually, in 2015, almost every day,  some or other part of the world experienced ambush, bombings, kidnappings, inhuman killings and suicide attacks. After Paris incident world seemed suddenly awakened and has declared war against terrorism, especially ISIS.

ISIS is using mostly American origin arms, from automatic rifles to Rocket launchers. It is said that they have acquired those weapons from the Syrian-Iraqi army men, Saudi Arabia and China. There is the well-established chain of the supplies and its distribution. Britain is said to be arming Kurdish people to fight against ISIS. Getting hold of weapons by stealing is a myth. What about the ceaseless supply of ammunition? They must be smuggled in. How Maoists of India get hold of arms and ammunition? It is well-known fact that from China via North-Eastern states they are smuggled and distributed among Maoists. The facts and figures show that India lost double the people in Maoist attacks so far than the people, including soldiers, died in the three Indo-Pak wars. US have been supplying arms to Iraq with a futile hope that they will be used against ISIS. Rather it has become a major source for ISIS to get modern weaponry.

Having fundamentalism (Muslim, Maoist or any other for that matter) major reason behind any act of the terrorism is the thing that does have ancient traits. The problem with us is, to fight out terrorism and stop killings of the innocents, the priority should have been to stop the supply of the armaments to any such country/region, even for the lame reason that such people will fight out terrorist groups! For example, US supplied arms to Iraqi army to wage war against ISIS. It is doubted that some part of those arms, intended for Iraqi army reached in hands of ISIS. How then these countries can boast of ending terrorism? ISIS is a blot, but we cannot forget that they have been nurtured by the politically motivated intentions. America (and its friends) and Russia have been arming the terrorist groups alternatively. Russian war against ISIS and now France and allies participating it a great joke on humanity.

The lobby of arms manufacturers is strong in US. Russia too possesses equal ability to produce arms. China too is in the race to increase supplies wherever possible. They use all means, even smuggling them, to the destination wherever possible trouble erupts.

Under the circumstances, I would like to say that the war against terrorism is a lie. Warlords don’t wish at all that the terrorism should be eliminated from the face of the earth. Rather they are grooming the terrorists of the future by killing terrorists of the present!

 Blaming Islam for all terrorism is superficial excuse. May be the tenets of Quran are responsible for it. But then which religious book is devoid of these terrorist elements? Gita too specifically is aimed to wage war against Adharma…killing of human beings is necessary to establish Dharma…says Krishna ultimately! Now there is no clear definition of what Dharma or Adharma is!  But Hindu’s don’t go on killing the people in massive proportion, though their religion allows it! The only reason is Hindu’s have no easy access to the weapons. However. we can see how thee use of arms is being promoted by the fanatic Hindu organizations. Or else they too could have waged a bloody war against Muslims as RSS have been preaching since its inception! The religious commands in the old Testament too promote terrorism

What we need is, if at all we, the global citizens, are serious to have freedom to live and let live, if at all we are serious to end terrorism, first of all the weapon supplies has to be banned to the people/groups or nations those are up to disturb the global peace.

I mean that the weapon manufacturers and their supply chains must be kept under constant surveillance and should be punished heavily if at all they are found to be guilty in supplies to the wrong people. The nations too, those support or promote terrorism, should be imposed with economic sanctions. In a way the global community shall isolate them. 

And, under the disguise of Superpower, global policing of any nation, too, is needed to be stopped at top priority. Superpower means an ability to enslave others, politically or economically. The world nations should be well aware of the risks they are undertaking in wooing the so-called economic, political and nuclear powers.

If the terrorists can get easy access to the modern weaponry the day is not far away that they also can get hold of nuclear weapons too! Fanatics are ready to die as they are trained suicidal and what even if entire globe is destroyed after them? The risk is heavy….not at all affordable to the human being and other species.

To me, the war against terrorism can only be fought and ended with fruitful results only if the supply of the arms and ammunitions are curbed with global consensus and the smugglers are set to heavy punishments.

This is not impossible if the world is really up to fight out terrorism. If not….ISIS will never end….it would produce other hundreds from their blood!

Blood of the humanity will be spilled forever and the dream of ultimate freedom of humanity will never come true.

We have to make the choice…!

Capitalist Traits in Human Being!

Just imagine the time when our forefathers were hunters and food gatherers, roaming in bands in search of the game and food on the earth. The social order of the tribes of ancient times was simple. Still, a primary order was necessary to form the unity of the tribe. Though ethics and religious concepts were primordial, they needed them to maintain internal order for survival.

Every tribe needed a leader to take decisions on its behalf. If no leader there would be the possibility of disintegration of the tribe in the lack of ability to take collective decisions as to which direction be taken, how to avoid or fight enemy tribes etc. Was the leader of the tribe alone could take a decision? No. There must have been an assembly of the elder men who had had the experience of their life to the disposal of tribes' well-being. But still, the leader was the final authority. He was not the only leader of the tribe but the priest of their rudimentary religion as well. Hence he could oracle to satisfy his tribesmen to avoid any confrontation.

A leader would be a stronger man, who came to the position by winning and killing his opponent(s). Was there any kind of economic system then? Yes, there must have been. The proofs indicate that the rudimentary economic system did exist in and within the tribes. The barter system must have been in place between friendly tribes but at a very meager level. What they would trade? Food, animal, and ornaments they thought precious and meager merchandise must have been traded among them.

Within the tribe how the system would have been working?

Let us see how the distribution of the wealth would have been done. What was wealth then? The game, gathered food from the forests, makeshift or temporary homes made of leather or wood, weapons, ornaments, and clothes would be the elementary wealth to those people.

From the hunting, that was conducted jointly, was everyone getting an equal share? The answer is obviously no. The leader naturally would get the best of the share. If the game would be abundant, only the leader and elders would get priority to feed them to their satisfaction and the rest would be distributed amongst the tribesmen.
Some parts would be preserved for their God, that would be any pagan symbol of their like. Why? Unless their God was pleased how they can have the surety of sufficient game and food in the future? Thus capitalization of the God began.

Hence, though in the primordial times, everyone’s share in labor was equal, the distribution of the wealth among them was not equal.

So we can see the traces of capitalism in our earliest social order. Still, women were the property of every male in the tribe and given the highest respect for their fertility.

When the distribution of the wealth becomes characteristically in descending order, from leader to rest of the tribesmen, it is nothing but a source of capitalism for us.

When man became agrarian, capitalism further got strengthened. Till then, when he was the hunter-man or pastoral man, there was no need of claiming ownership of the land. But as he settled with his innovative invention of agriculture inevitably needed to claim the land. Maybe in the beginning whole tribe would own the land trying to keep aggressors at bay.

Still, the distribution of the product couldn’t have been equal to each one. The gradation among the people, farmers, and other service or artisans, must have been different. From the remains of early civilizations, we can find the residences of the people in descending order. Palaces for kings, big houses for the nobles and priests and ordinary houses for the rest of the citizens, which may show inequality in the distribution of the wealth. The wealth of the individual would depend on his contribution. The definitions of the value of contribution would vary depending on the materialistic and spiritual priorities of the people. In short, somehow it was connected with the demand and supply in a rudimentary form. 

This indicates a drastic change in the social order, keeping ancient capitalistic traits alive. Women started getting gradually secondary positions in society with marriage system was introduced to claim inheritance over the wealth accumulated in their lifetime. The marriage system of mankind is nothing but the capitalization of the women, making her property of an individual.

The formations of political systems owe to the capitalist traits inherently existent in human blood. Means changed, and the system changed to suit the contemporary capitalist concepts of the human being in the course of human history. Kingdoms and empires were the systems that was developed to suit the capitalist mindset of the people. The ultimate aim was to claim more and more land, enslave more and more men to produce more wealth, and enslave women to produce more and more slaves, thus creating and growing wealth.

Today, most nations follow the democratic pattern. But democracy is against human nature. This is why imperialism still persists with nationalism. Imperialism is a symbol of capitalism. Every person, business and corporate houses and nations are in a race to gain more and more wealth. To achieve the goal of capitalism, the creation or acquisition of wealth, one after other models were designed and destroyed.

Marxism was a counter-system introduced to the world. The system talked of the ideals and reworked the social history of mankind to show the actual creators of the wealth were peasants and small artisans whereas the landlords, industrialists, and kingships were exploiters. Communism pleaded equal share to each citizen of the wealth accumulated by the society.

Prima-facie the logic was humanitarian, giving justice to the strife of mankind. Marxism later branched into different sects and shook the entire system of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with many countries embracing communist/socialist patterns. The war between capitalism and socialism/communism had become imminent. We still remember the era of the cold war. But Soviet Russia fell, disintegrated, and had to come back to the old capitalistic pattern.

Why did this happen? We must note that capitalism is human nature and communism is not! Communism stands in contrast to the human nature. Whether we accept it or not, no social order can ever survive without the freedom to create and enjoy wealth. He pays taxes to the government to ensure his safety and protection of his liberty and property. He does not want to pay indirectly for the charity. In fact, every human being has an innate urge to prosper and make the present circumstances better. Communism kills natural human inspiration and inevitably becomes an exploiter. The socialist order too is no exception to this. India still is experiencing it. 

Still, there are communist countries, but inevitably are following the capitalistic practices in the new global order. This was bound to happen.

Does this mean the capitalist system is the best? The answer should be “No”. The capitalist system has its own disadvantages to the society. It is inhuman, laden with insatiable greed. It strives to convert the human being to a beast if stretched too far. It destroys natural resources to meet the ever-growing artificially created needs! It keeps on inventing new needs to catch the people in the web of competition he could do without. The capitalist system doesn’t work for society as a whole but for individuals, hence public needs are not their priority to address.

Hence a balance is always required. Everyone should keep greed within the limit. Some elements of communism are always worth following but without governmental interference. It is the people who are better placed to decide what they need and how. Governments in the socialist or communist pattern have ruined the public as well by corruption and mismanagement. To retain human respect government needs to perform greater roles than attempting to confine people's life. 

The hidden dragon of capitalism in the veil of communism is far more dangerous than any!

Capitalism is not an evil in itself, the evil is the government that wants to decide on behalf of the people when many times they are incapable of it! The governments in socialism inevitably turn dictators of people's choice that constantly destroys human liberty. 

And a human without liberty is as good as dead!

Are Independent countries really independent?

When we use a word “Independent country” (or Nation or State) what do we mean? Independent would naturally mean that a country is free from any outer interference in the matters of the State, the boundaries are well defined… no matter if there are disputes, the central governing system is made of the people of the Nation and is free to make laws felt suitable for the people and the governing body., whether elected or not. In short a nation would be entirely sovereign State and there would not be any pressures or interference in the affairs of the State.

In ideal condition independent State would mean as stated above. But we look carefully at the global affairs today, or even in the past, we can clearly see no country has been ever an independent State in real sense.

Because of the global scenario, neo-imperialism of the stronger countries and cut-throat competition between the corporate to acquire more and more marketplaces in the second or third world, the superficially independent countries can be seen indirectly guided/governed by the powerful countries. The impact of such countries on internal and external affairs policy decisions of the weak countries is growing day after day. Even many a times internal affairs too are seen highly influenced by the major countries. There have been innumerable examples that will show that independence of a country is an illusion nourished by the citizens of the country.

The sovereignty just means independent right to make policy decisions for the wellbeing and development of the people of the country. Hypothetically there should not be any outside pressure or interference in the policy making of any such independent nation. United Nations Charter principle specificall states  Non interference in internal affairs of other countries. This is core principle to which each member nation is abided to. But in reality what does happen?

The moment any nation becomes powerful than neighboring countries start interfering in the affairs of the weak countries. Attempts are made to create dissatisfaction among some communities to bring instability in such country. A theory has been propagated to support such interference that the human rights are over sovereignty. Many successful attempts have been done to establish puppet governments in many countries since post World War II. In such attempts always has been USA, some European countries and now China. Inflicting wars, supporting wars or using the countries for their own benefit has been overall strategy that has been implemented and that will be implemented in future by the countries those emerge as powers of tomorrow.

Hence, it has become eternal strife for every Nation to maintain independence in the chaotic and brutal circumstances in which it is impossible to maintain ideal sovereignty for any Nation on this earth.

When we say our country is independent…is it a fact? One must study the circumstances around to ascertain the reality. In International power struggle, weak countries are always subject to bend their sovereignty. Some times to the humiliating conditions such as happened with Iraq and Afghanistan....the countries get destroyed. Freedom is granted after succeeding in motives and puppet governments are established. This is a normal practice. Today some country suffers from such destruction…someone else will be undergoing the same situation tomorrow. Some places this happens violently…many places it is worked out diplomatically.

Another thing we must not forget…what makes a nation powerful today?

In this era business empires keep their hold on the Nations. Superpower like USA too is not spared from this truth. Many laws, sanctions, decisions of the government are made out to satiate never-quenching money lust of the super-capitalists. This happens almost in every country. Actual rulers, as believed by us, are not the people but handful of money lords. Everybody knows this fact. In the era of the globalization such super-corporate houses keep on influencing not only their governments but foreign governments as well. This is of course done to acquire maximum market share. To attain this naturally destroying the indigenous markets is inevitable phenomenon. Thus people of the nation become dependent on the foreign supplies and themselves become faithful workers of such corporations. Though at one side sentiment of nationality is nurtured by the people is an illusionary situation, at the other side it mostly works against the interest of the people.

If this is considered to be inevitable in the modern system of the world, no government can be called Independent as such. And if being independent is a soul of the nation or country or State, isn’t the very soul weakened?

Why we need the system that has become unreliable and making every subject a indirect slave of the system, very value that has been preached by mankind…of freedom…encroached?

And if not, if such happenings are not treated or considered as loss of freedom or independence…then what is relevance of a very concept Nation?

Why cannot all corporate can open their factories or malls wherever they want without acting through the bribed governments? Can’t there be a free economy across the globe that will benefit the end consumer without any hassle? Yes…there can be such economy in which absolute freedom to the people if artificial boundaries are made non-existent. No separate entity called Nation, which anyway is not sovereign in its real sense, is wiped out and new order is introduced…political, social and economic system along with global judicial framework.


-Sanjay Sonawani

One World:One Nation

Hi friends,A decade ago I had started a movement "One World: One Nation!". Though people thought the concept is novel but were and I can see till now they are sceptical about this thought. I do not think this to be an impossible task though it might take a century to have the concept in practice.First of all the very concept of Nation is artificial. The so-called national feeling and pride have not long history. No boundaries of any nation has been permanent. Before rise of nationalism there used to be kingdoms and empires with ever changing boundaries. Also today, no nation is separate island. "Iron Curtain's" have already been broken. All mankind living on earth have become interdependent. No any national economy today is independent. We all are dependent on each other. Every nation's international policies are affected by importance of co-existence. Also today we can find how different cultures are influencing each other! In short we cannot live neglecting others. Theory of otherness has now no relevence. And still every nation is spending 10 to 15% of national income on army and armaments. Look at this whopping figure and you will find, there cannot be any powerty anywhere on this globe if those funds deployed for betterment of human being. We take pride to be only planet in the known universe where life is flourishing and yet we are upto destroy it moment after moment. We should feel ashamed.If we really are intelligent species in the known universe, we need to act like intelligent. And the final goal of such intelligence could be bring forward new global order: One World: One Nation.

-Sanjay Sonawani